Старе місто і костел Святого Духа, Торунь — політ 360° з гідом

Could a king keep Luther out? Ahead lies Toruń's Old Town. Its first Protestants appeared soon after Martin Luther's theses, and King Zygmunt the Old issued edicts in Toruń banning the import and spread of Luther's writings.

Did the ban hold? Later, King Zygmunt August granted the town a privilege allowing the Lutheran faith to grow, and Toruń became one of the leading Protestant towns of the Commonwealth, where a general synod of Protestants met.

Why would an office building need armoured doors? The long grey ribbed block below is Harmonijka, the Accordion, designed by Jerzy Wierzbicki where the town walls stood. Its basement got safes behind armoured doors for a savings bank.

When the Jesuits arrived to drive the Counter-Reformation, they seized the Church of St John. The city fathers tried to limit the Catholic influx, but Catholics already held most churches, leaving the townspeople of the other faith only St Mary's.

Could the two faiths talk it out? As tensions between Catholics and Protestants grew, the leaders of the rival creeds met for a Colloquium Charitativum, a discussion that resulted in no agreement.

Who guarded St Mary's during processions? A Lutheran Bürgerwehr, a citizens' militia: at every Corpus Christi procession it had to guard the church, as the gathered Catholics might have occupied it as well.

Why is the street here called the Moat? Collegium Maximum, the sandstone front with a statue on top, was designed by Julius Habicht, head of the Reichsbank's building office, on a filled-in moat, hence Fosa Staromiejska.

At a Jesuit procession, pupils of the Jesuits accused the Lutherans watching of insulting Holy Mary, keeping their hats on and not kneeling before her statue, and in the quarrel the Lutheran militia arrested a Catholic student, Stanisław Lisiecki.

Who was the Caesar of Caesar's Arch? Łuk Cezara, the house with an arched passage, blocked the road to the Bydgoskie Przedmieście suburb until a German architect, Karl Cäsar, cut through it, and the arch took his name.

Unable to make the town authorities free the detained, students of the Jesuit College kidnapped Jan Nagórny, a pupil of the Academic Gymnasium, a chance victim with no part in that quarrel.

Whose church was this? The brick church with the enormous red roof is St Mary's, the Marienkirche, which began as a Franciscan church. Protestants held it from the year 1557, and in the year 1724 it passed to the Bernardine friars.

Can a church be disguised as a house? Below us, the Church of the Holy Spirit, cream, with a green spire. King August banned it at first, then in 1754 allowed only a prayer house shaped like a modest burgher's home.

Whose palace stood here? Below is Poczta Główna, red brick with corner turrets. After the 1703 Swedish siege wrecked this side of the square, palaces rose here, home to mayors such as Samuel Luther Geret.

Who signed for this town hall, and when? The Old Town Hall, brick with stepped gables, was probably built by a master named Andris, and Grand Master Konrad von Wallenrode signed its building permit only when construction was already under way.

After a crowd wrecked the Jesuit College, the Polish supreme court ordered executions: Mayor Johann Gottfried Rösner and nine other Lutheran officials were blamed for neglect of duty, sentenced to death, and executed on 7 December 1724.

Where do you pray when your church is taken? In Artus Court, the red brick front with arched windows: after the 1724 riot, the Toruń Tumult, the Lutherans, stripped of St Mary's, held services in its cramped hall until 1756.

Which poet tutored a king's sons? Below, the golden star marks Kamienica pod Gwiazdą, the Star House. It once belonged to the humanist poet Kallimach, tutor to the sons of King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk.

Did anyone escape the sentence? A convict who converted to Roman Catholicism was spared, and so was Rösner's predecessor, the respected historian Zerneke, author of the Chronica Thornica, who was amnestied and left for Danzig.

Whose heart lies in this church? By the river, St John's, the Johanniskirche, shows its massive tower. When Polish King John Albert died in Toruń in the year 1501, his heart was buried here.

Did Europe hear of the sentences? Hundreds of newspapers reported on the alleged oppression of Protestants in Thorn, and decades later Voltaire recalled the sentencing as an example of the religious intolerance of the Poles.

How is the day of the executions remembered? That day, Franciscan friars said mass in St Mary's, the last Protestant church; 7 December is now observed in remembrance of the Protestant martyrs.

8K (7680×3840), 60 кадрів/с. Відкриті субтитри англійською — три копії довкола, одна біля місця, про яке розповідає гід. Озвучення: синтезований голос (англійською).

Факти гіда — з джерел:

• Вікіпедія (польською): Kościół św. Ducha w Toruniu
• Вікіпедія (польською): Tumult toruński
• Вікіпедія (польською): Dwór Artusa w Toruniu
• Вікіпедія (польською): Kościół Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Marii Panny w Toruniu
• Вікіпедія (польською): Kamienica pod Gwiazdą
• Вікіпедія (польською): Stare Miasto (Toruń)